Liver cancer occurs when cancer cells develop in the liver tissue. Liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, a lot happens (HCC). HCC is a serious complication of end hepatitiskronis, especially cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis B, C and hemochromatosis.
Examination to detect liver cancer: AFP, PIVKA II

SYMPTOMS – SYMPTOMS

Pain / symptoms of abdominal pain is the most common liver cancer and usually signifies a very large tumor or liver involvement is extensive. Incidence of complications of a sudden. For example, the sudden appearance of ascites (fluid and swelling of the abdomen), jaundice (yellow skin color), or depreciation of muscle without the causative factors (which cause, for example alcohol consumption) suggests the possibility of liver cancer.

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Skin Cancer is a disease characterized by the growth of skin cells that are not controlled, can damage surrounding tissue and can spread to other parts of the body. There are three types of skin cancer which generally is often suffered by humans, such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM).
Malignant Skin Cancer
TYPES OF SKIN CANCER
# Malaria (BCC)

Is a type of skin cancer is most common. This type of cancer do not experience the spread (metastasis) goto the other body, but cancer cells can grow and cause damage to surrounding skin tissue. The bright color and are often exposed to the sun heating the two suspected as the cause of Malaria. Other factors that also may be the cause of this cancer type is a weak immune system (both the impact of other diseases or treatment), burns, X-ray beam.

1. Signs and Symptoms
The body of a basal cell cancer is usually the face, neck and scalp. The signs of this type of cancer is a lump a little shiny, reddish-colored with a rising edge slightly blackish, abnormalities such as scarring and blisters / Lika that does not heal.

2. Types of Cancer Diagnosis
Single method to ensure that basal cell cancer doctor will perform a clinical and histopathologic examination by taking a sample of skin that is considered as the cancerous tissue (biopsy) to be studied under a microscope.

3. Therapy and Medication
If the diagnosis has been established clearly that patients with skin cancer basal cell type, the action taken is usually surgery or removal of skin tissue (cancer) is complete, or they can be with radiation action. Other methods are also often done is frozen surgery, surgical power, lasers, photodynamic well with medication either topical or injected (chemotherapy).
# Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Is a type of skin cancer affects more men, especially the elderly (the elderly). This is a type of skin cancer where the malignancy occurs epidermal keratinocytes cells, is the second commonest skin cancer. SCC of skin cancer can spread goto the other body, generally suffered by those in the tropical region.

Like BCC disease, this type of skin cancer are also suspected due to sunlight (dominant), a weak immune body, viruses, chemicals and scar tissue can also cause this disease. The signs and symptoms is to have abnormalities such as lumps, bumps or sores that do not heal. Diagnosis is established by the same method at the BCC, as well as therapy and treatment measures tend to be similar to basal cell cancer.
# Malignant melanoma (MM)

This is a type of skin cancer’s most malignant and potentially lethal. In America, the data obtained for six of these seven patients died of cancer. And the number of people infected increasing from year to year. Malignant melanoma can develop from moles arise existing or newly emerging.

1. Signs and Symptoms
This information is very important for the They who have a mole that then either change the color, size and shape, moles itch and sometimes bleed when scratched. These cancer cells grow from melanocytes, the skin cells that function to produce melanin pigment.

Cancer is characterized by ABCD, A = asymmetric, irregular shapes. B = Border or uneven edges as well. C = Color or colors that vary from one area to another. Can be brownish to black. Even in certain cases found in white, red and blue. D = diameter greater than 6 mm.

2. Diagnosis of malignant melanoma
Enforcement of diagnosis in cases of this type of skin cancer as well as two types of skin cancer above (BCC and SCC), which is doing the action biopsy for examination under a microscope.

3. Therapy and Medication
Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer is the most malignant, can spread assigned to other bodies such as the lymph glands. Action taken on this type of cancer is a complete removal of cancerous tissue by surgery, has been known to occur when the spread is required further operations to remove tissue in the vicinity. If cancer cells are found spread to the lymph glands, then inevitably the glans was also appointed.

With this method, cells can be used repeatedly in a drug test antidotes. That way, they can accelerate drug development against the disease. This project aimed to overcome cancer in children that come from genetic factors.

Meanwhile, researchers in Washington, United States, Monday (25/1/2010), announced a new project to trace the tumor causing genes in children which aims to find early cancer cases. They hope this research may help treatment of cancer in children

True friend “of lung cancer is smoking. This is reinforced by the results of research, whether conducted in Indonesia and abroad, that the majority or 80 percent of lung cancer caused by smoking.

It dipubikasikan National Cancer Center Hospital Dharmais as Prostate Cancer Awareness Early Detection in RS Dharmais. Furthermore, say, lung cancer is the growth of neoplastic (tumor), which are malignant, which originated from one type of cell in the airways (bronchi).

Here are some symptoms of lung cancer. Symptoms generally are not experiencing shrinkage appetite and weight. While the specific symptoms directly related to the lung, such as coughing, lots of phlegm, cough blood, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

The publication also mentions that anyone at high risk for lung cancer. They are men aged 40 years and over, active smokers and passive smokers, and those who work in environments that contain carcinogens. Carcinogen is a substance or factor that can cause cancer.

For that, they are advised to conduct sputum examinations regularly. In addition, chest x-ray examination on a regular basis every 4-6 months. With this expected to be found in early-stage lung cancer.

The best way to avoid cancer is to avoid starting to smoke for those who do not smoke, but if a smoker then immediately stops, avoid cigarette smoke of others. For companies that comply with the regulations on occupational health and safety.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer in men. Other cancers that often nest on “The Adam” is a cancer of the stomach and prostate cancer.

A study involving nearly 80,000 adult men and women in Japan showed that men and women who regularly active lower risks of various types of cancer. Having investigated further, regular exercise apparently associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and stomach cancers.

They also found that the protective effect was strongest among men or women of normal weight.
This certainly supports the theory that physical activity can reduce cancer risk, at least partly through better weight control.

In that study, Dr. Manami Inoue and colleagues at the National Cancer Center in Tokyo analyzed the incidence of cancer in 79 771 male and female participants aged 45-74. Between 1995 and 1999 timeframe, these participants were surveyed about the level of physical activity they do, diet, and habits and their lifestyle. Researchers continue to follow this development until 2004, and found more than 4300 new cancer cases diagnosed.

In general, researchers say, the risk of developing any cancer dipped slightly as participants’ activity levels. On average, male participants’ physical activity most often 13 percent lower risk of cancer than the least active men physically. The most active women 16 percent lower risk of cancer than their counterparts who often just sat quietly working continuously.

The link held true when the researchers accounted for other factors such as age, weight, smoking habits, and intake of calories per day.

Physical activity was defined not only on leisure-time exercise, but also the amount of time participants typically spent walking, physical activity at work, and housework.

“Our results suggest that increased daily total physical activity (not just sports) may be beneficial in preventing the development of cancer in men and women in Japan,” said Inoue.

Researchers also noted that Japan’s population is on average thinner may be related to decreased risk of this cancer.

Thus we can conclude, physical activity may help prevent cancer, controlling body weight. “Theoretically, physical activity also has other positive effects in terms of delaying the occurrence of cancer,” said Inoue.

Inoue added, such as physical activity, can stimulate the immune system which is one of the body’s natural ability to fight cancer. It may also be related to levels of certain hormones, including sex hormones and other growth factors that can trigger the growth and spread of tumors.

Cancer has now become a central issue in several countries in Asia. In some countries, even the cancer has become the number one cause of death. Therefore, cancer prevention should be a priority.

The remark was made Malcolm A Moore of the International Union Against Cancer Asian Regional Office for Cancer Control at the National Seminar on Cancer Management in Indonesia in Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Monday (10/11).

National seminar about cancer was held to commemorate the 15th Anniversary Dharmais Cancer Hospital.

According to Committee Chairman Dr Abidin Widjanarko Seminar, World Health Organization (WHO) has predicted that cancer will become the number one killer in the year 2030. This fact can be seen from the increase in the average number of deaths each year, significantly increasing the number of smokers are 57 million people, the number of people who consume alcohol and the number of people suffering from obesity.

Today, various sectors such as universities, education in the hospital, professional affiliation and NGOs need to work together tackling cancer.
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Preventive measures was expressed by the experts in the framework of the World Cancer Day. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one of eight deaths a day caused by cancer. The amount is more than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. WHO warned, without any change, cancer deaths worldwide could reach 17 million by 2030 from 7.6 million today.

In a report launched the International Union Against Cancer, the experts revealed that 21 percent of all cancers caused by infection, such as the HPV virus that causes cervical cancer and hepatitis infections that cause liver cancer.

We have been cancer-preventing vaccine available, but only available in developed countries. No wonder 80 percent of deaths from cervical cancer occur in poor and developing countries.

“Policymakers around the world have the opportunity and obligation to make a vaccine to save the lives of many people. They also need to be campaigning for lifestyle changes to reduce cancer risk,” Cary said Adam, Chairman of the International Union Against Cancer, in press release.

Experts argue, common cancers suffered by people in developed countries, such as lung cancer, breast, and colon cancer, could have been prevented if they want to change his lifestyle.

Healthy lifestyle coupled with nutritious diet and exercise is the most effective way to ward off cancer, which until now has not known the cause of this. Although still controversial, one of the myths that many believed to reduce the risk of this cancer is the frequency of sex that often.

Many doctors observed that the man was fit for regular exercise and frequent sexual intercourse rarely have prostate problems. Scholars who support this theory also says ejaculate expenditure will make the channel in the penis is not clogged.

A study published in The British Journal of Urology found that sexual activity of males between the ages of 50 years can provide protection from this disease. “This is due to release of toxins that accumulate during sexual activity can reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer in the region,” said Polyxeni Dimitropoulou who led the study. However, it needs further study.

The following classification of skin according to The Fitzpatrick Classification of Skin Type, which consists of six categories:

1. Always burns, never be more dark, brown (pale skin, white).

2. Flammable, in menimal brown (white).

3. Simply burn, to brown them evenly (tan leather).

4. Burns minimally, always tan well (brown leather).

5. Rarely burns, with clear brown (dark brown skin).

6. Never burn (the skin pigment that contains dark brown to black).

People with skin type 1 usually have pale skin, white, red or blond hair, green eyes or blue, and the descendants of Celtic (Irish, Scottish, Welsh, or Breton). People with this skin type’s most high-risk of experiencing a variety of skin problems due to exposure to sunlight, including skin cancer and photoaging.

People with type 2 and 3 have white skin with pigmentation more clearly, and have moderate to high risk for skin problems from the sun.

While they were with the type 4 and 5 have an olive skin color to brown, and moderate to low risk for experiencing skin problems. Type 6 is the skin of those who have dark brown to black. The risk of this skin type to skin problems from the sun is only minimum.

“People still perceive cancer as a deadly disease, an incurable, and can not be prevented and a high cost for treatment,” said Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Health (P2PL) Ministry of Health, Prof. Tjandra Yoga Aditama, in his statement welcoming Cancer Day fell worldwide on Thursday (4/2/2010) it.

According to Tjandra, wrong perception about the cancer can not be separated from the still lack of public awareness and lack of information about the disease and how to prevent it.

“There are still many problems and obstacles faced, such as lack of information about cancer to the public, the public perception of cancer that is not true as incurable cancer, a shameful disease, and believe in the occult in the treatment of cancer. In addition, the lack of public awareness in preventing cancer as early as possible. On the program, the cancer has not become a priority, especially in the area, “said Tjandra.

Cancer and tumors, continued Tjandra, acknowledged was still a top killer diseases in Indonesia. Based on data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2008, the tumor / cancer is the leading cause of death no. 7 in Indonesia with 5.7 percent presentation. Riskesdas 2008 data also showed that the prevalence of tumor / cancer in Indonesia is 4.3 per 1000 population.

Breast and cervical cancer, the highest
Among the many types, continued Tjandra, cancer most commonly found in Indonesia is a case of cancer of female breast cancer and cervical cancer. Based on data from Hospital Information System (SIRS) in 2007, breast cancer cases recorded at 8227 (16.85 percent) and 5786 breast cancer cases (11.78 percent). While the highest cancer in males is lung cancer incidence with an estimated 20 per 100,000 men (GLOBOCAN, IARC 2002). According to SIRS 2007, cases of bronchus and lung cancer were 2847 cases (5.8%)

Currently, Tjandra said, efforts to control the number of cancer patients is by way of education and prevention “of cancer control efforts are effectively done is to provide information to the widest public that cancer can be prevented, by knowing the risk factors and to primary prevention, secondary, and tertiary integrated, “he said.

MOH also try to decrease morbidity and mortality of cancer in Indonesia through the programs measured. We have given priority cancer control program at the highest cancer of cervix cancer and breast with the formation of early detection of the pilot projects in 6 provinces (6th district) and its development until the currently running in 11 districts / cities, using the method of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA ) and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE).

“The program of early detection of cervical cancer and breast cancer have a target of 80 per cent of women aged 30-50 years for the screening which is expected to avoid both these cancers. In the year 2014 Ministry of Health target of 25 percent districts in Indonesia will implement early detection of cervical cancer with IVA and breast cancer by CBE, “said Tjandra.